The Giver | Lois Lowry | Cliff Note Books
“The Giver” is a dystopian novel written by Lois Lowry and published in 1993. Set in a seemingly utopian society, the story follows Jonas, a young boy who is selected to be the Receiver of Memory, a role that entails holding the memories of the past and being the sole bearer of knowledge in his community.
Jonas lives in a society where emotions, pain, and individuality have been suppressed in favor of sameness and control. The government, referred to as the Elders, tightly regulates every aspect of life to maintain order and conformity. People are assigned specific roles in the community when they reach a certain age, and their futures are predetermined.
As Jonas receives his training from the current Receiver, known as the Giver, he discovers the truth about the community’s past and the sacrifices made to establish their ordered society. The Giver transfers memories to Jonas, exposing him to both joyful and painful experiences from humanity’s history.
Through these memories, Jonas begins to question the limitations imposed by his society and the absence of choices and personal freedoms. He becomes increasingly disillusioned with the community’s deceptive facade of harmony and uniformity.
As Jonas gains a deeper understanding of the true nature of human existence, he becomes determined to change the society and release the memories to the community, hoping to restore individuality, emotions, and freedom of choice.
Driven by his growing awareness, Jonas embarks on a dangerous journey, fleeing the community with a young boy named Gabriel. They face numerous challenges, including extreme weather, hunger, and pursuit by the authorities.
The novel culminates in an open-ended and thought-provoking conclusion, leaving readers to contemplate the possibilities of Jonas’s fate and the potential for change in a restrictive society.
“The Giver” explores themes of individuality, memory, conformity, and the trade-offs between security and personal freedom. It raises questions about the importance of human emotions, the value of individual experiences, and the consequences of suppressing certain aspects of human existence.
QUOTES FROM THE GIVER
“The worst part of holding the memories is not the pain. It’s the loneliness of it. Memories need to be shared.”
“The life where nothing was ever unexpected. Or inconvenient. Or unusual. The life without color, pain, or past.”
“The worst part of holding the memories is not the pain. It’s the loneliness of it. Memories need to be shared.”
“He knew that there was no quick comfort for emotions like those. They were deeper and they did not need to be told. They were felt.”
“They know nothing. If they knew everything, they would see the world as it is, and they’d be overwhelmed.”
“For the first time, he heard something that he knew to be music. He heard people singing. Behind him, across vast distances of space and time, from the place he had left, he thought he heard music too. But perhaps, it was only an echo.”
“If you were to be lost in the river, Jonas, your memories would not be lost with you. Memories are forever.”
“I feel sorry for anyone who is in a place where he feels strange and stupid.”
“Jonas had no words to describe what he was feeling. No word existed.”
“It’s the choosing that’s important, isn’t it?”
“The giver said that love was just another word for ‘weakness.'”
“Jonas had been forced to flee.”
“Jonas blinked at the boulder. It was very much like the one he had seen once, when he had looked beyond.”
“Now, at least for a while, he had escaped the feeling of being frightened. And he had escaped the feeling of being hungry. So he ate a second apple.”
“Jonas, the memories you are receiving from the giver are not nearly enough. You need all of them.”
AUTHOR OF THE GIVER
Lois Lowry, born on March 20, 1937, in Honolulu, Hawaii, is an acclaimed American author known for her works in children’s and young adult literature. She has written numerous novels, short stories, and picture books throughout her career, exploring a wide range of themes and genres.
Lowry’s passion for writing began at a young age, and she pursued her literary ambitions while attending Pembroke College (now part of Brown University), where she studied English. She worked as a freelance writer and photographer before publishing her first novel, “A Summer to Die,” in 1977.
Lowry’s breakthrough came with her 1989 novel, “Number the Stars,” which won the Newbery Medal. The book, set during World War II, tells the story of a young Danish girl’s bravery in helping her Jewish friend escape the Nazis. It cemented Lowry’s reputation as a writer of thought-provoking and emotionally resonant stories.
In 1993, Lowry published “The Giver,” which became one of her most celebrated works. The novel, set in a dystopian society, explores themes of memory, individuality, and freedom of choice. It received critical acclaim, won the Newbery Medal, and gained a wide readership, becoming a staple in classrooms and inspiring discussions about societal control and personal autonomy.
Lowry’s other notable works include the “Anastasia Krupnik” series, the “Gooney Bird Greene” series, “Gathering Blue,” “Messenger,” and “Son,” which comprise The Giver Quartet. These books tackle a variety of topics, ranging from family dynamics and friendship to social issues and moral dilemmas.
Throughout her career, Lowry has been recognized for her contributions to literature. She has received numerous awards, including two Newbery Medals, a National Book Award, the Regina Medal, and the Margaret Edwards Award for lifetime achievement in writing for young adults.
Lowry’s writing is characterized by her ability to tackle complex subjects with sensitivity and nuance, often exploring themes of resilience, compassion, and the power of human connection. Her books resonate with readers of all ages, offering insights into the human experience and sparking meaningful discussions.
Lois Lowry continues to write and inspire readers with her engaging storytelling and thought-provoking narratives. Her works have left a lasting impact on children’s and young adult literature, capturing the hearts and minds of readers around the world.
CRITICISMS OF THE GIVER
“The Giver” by Lois Lowry has been widely praised for its thought-provoking themes and compelling storytelling. However, it has also faced some criticisms. Here are a few common points raised by critics:
Ambiguous world-building: Some critics argue that the world-building in “The Giver” is not fully developed or explained. They express a desire for more detailed explanations of the society’s origins, the specific rules and mechanisms in place, and the overall functioning of the community. The lack of clarity in certain aspects of the world can be seen as a weakness, leaving readers with unanswered questions.
Lack of character development: Some critics feel that the characters in “The Giver” are not fully fleshed out and lack depth. They argue that the protagonist, Jonas, and other individuals in the community are not given enough complexity or internal struggles, making it difficult for readers to form strong emotional connections with them.
Incomplete exploration of complex themes: While “The Giver” explores significant themes such as freedom, individuality, and the consequences of a controlled society, some critics argue that the book does not delve deeply enough into these subjects. They suggest that the story could have benefited from further exploration and more nuanced discussions surrounding the ethical and philosophical implications of the community’s practices.
Simplified portrayal of the dystopian society: Critics contend that the portrayal of the dystopian society in “The Giver” is somewhat simplistic and lacks the intricate social, political, and cultural layers often associated with the genre. They argue that the society is depicted in broad strokes, which may limit the complexity and depth of the narrative.
Ambiguous ending: The book concludes with an ambiguous and open-ended ending, which some critics find unsatisfying. They argue that the lack of a definitive resolution or clear direction for the characters leaves readers wanting more closure and resolution to their stories.
It’s important to note that while these criticisms exist, “The Giver” continues to be widely read and appreciated for its ability to spark important discussions about societal control, individuality, and the value of human experience. The novel has had a lasting impact on readers of all ages and has become a staple in children’s and young adult literature.
DISCUSSION POINTS OF THE GIVER
When studying “The Giver” by Lois Lowry, several discussion points emerge that invite deeper analysis and exploration. Here are some key topics for discussion:
Dystopian Society: “The Giver” presents a dystopian society that appears orderly and controlled on the surface. Students can explore the characteristics of the society, including the suppression of emotions, the limitation of choices, and the eradication of personal memories. Discussions can focus on the potential consequences of such a society and its impact on individuals’ well-being.
Individuality and Conformity: The novel raises questions about the value of individuality and the cost of conformity. Students can analyze the tension between personal freedoms and societal expectations, discussing the ways in which the characters in the story navigate these dynamics and the implications for their lives.
Memory and History: “The Giver” highlights the power of memory and the importance of collective history. Students can explore the role of memory in shaping individual and societal identity, reflecting on the significance of preserving historical knowledge and the potential dangers of erasing or suppressing past experiences.
Ethics and Morality: The novel touches upon ethical dilemmas and moral choices. Students can examine the ethical implications of the community’s practices, such as the suppression of emotions and the release of individuals. Discussions can delve into the consequences of sacrificing individual well-being for the perceived greater good and the role of personal agency in making ethical decisions.
Freedom and Control: The concept of freedom is central to “The Giver.” Students can analyze the various forms of control present in the novel, including the strict rules and regulations imposed by the community. Discussions can explore the tensions between safety and freedom, the potential trade-offs between order and personal autonomy, and the effects of control on individuals’ lives.
Coming of Age and Identity: Jonas’s journey in the novel represents a coming-of-age narrative. Students can discuss the themes of identity formation, self-discovery, and the challenges of adolescence as portrayed in the story. They can also explore how Jonas’s experiences and choices shape his understanding of himself and his place in the world.
Utopia vs. Dystopia: “The Giver” presents a society that initially appears utopian but is later revealed to be a dystopia. Students can analyze the characteristics of both utopian and dystopian societies, discussing the merits and drawbacks of each. They can also examine the blurred lines between the two and how societies can shift from one to the other.
THE THEME OF THE GIVER
The overarching theme of “The Giver” is the importance of individuality, personal freedom, and the human experience. The novel explores the consequences of a society that suppresses emotions, eliminates choices, and erases personal memories. It raises questions about the value of human diversity, the role of personal agency, and the significance of embracing the richness and complexity of life.
In the community depicted in the book, Sameness is prioritized, and the government controls all aspects of life to maintain order and stability. However, this uniformity comes at a great cost—individuals are devoid of personal memories, emotions, and the ability to make meaningful choices. The community sacrifices the depth and variety of human experience in pursuit of an illusion of security and harmony.
Through the protagonist, Jonas, and his experiences as the Receiver of Memory, the novel examines the transformative power of personal memories and emotions. As Jonas gains access to the collective memories of humanity, he starts to question the homogeneity of his community and yearns for a life filled with love, joy, pain, and the full spectrum of human emotions. He realizes that true happiness and fulfillment come from embracing the richness and complexities of human existence, even if it means facing challenges and pain.
“The Giver” also emphasizes the significance of personal agency and the right to make choices. Jonas challenges the oppressive system and ultimately takes action to bring about change. His journey highlights the importance of individual voices, critical thinking, and the courage to challenge societal norms in the pursuit of a more authentic and meaningful life.
Additionally, the novel explores the idea that a society’s collective memory and history are crucial for learning, growth, and the preservation of humanity. By erasing memories and controlling the narrative, the community in “The Giver” attempts to maintain a static and sterile existence. However, this erasure also results in a loss of wisdom, cultural heritage, and the ability to learn from past mistakes.
Overall, the theme of individuality, personal freedom, and the human experience in “The Giver” underscores the profound need for human connection, emotional depth, and the freedom to make choices that shape our identities and shape the world around us. It prompts readers to reflect on the value of individuality, the importance of personal agency, and the risks of sacrificing human complexity and diversity for the illusion of control.
WHY WAS THE GIVER BANNED
“The Giver” has faced some challenges and bans over the years, mainly in school settings. The reasons for the book being banned or challenged vary, but here are a few common concerns raised by those who oppose its inclusion in curriculum or libraries:
Sexual and Inappropriate Content: Some opponents argue that “The Giver” contains sexually explicit or inappropriate content that is not suitable for young readers. However, it’s important to note that the book does not contain explicit sexual content, and any references to sexuality are minimal and handled delicately.
Violence: Critics contend that the novel includes violent scenes and themes, such as euthanasia and the release of individuals, which they believe may be disturbing or inappropriate for young readers. However, the book’s portrayal of violence is not gratuitous or excessive, and it is presented in a thought-provoking and critical manner.
Challenging Social and Political Themes: “The Giver” explores themes of individuality, freedom, and societal control, which can challenge established norms and provoke critical thinking. Some opponents argue that these themes are subversive or inappropriate for young readers, potentially undermining authority or promoting rebellion.
Religious and Philosophical Concerns: Certain religious groups have objected to the novel’s exploration of ethical dilemmas, questioning the moral implications of the community’s practices and the absence of religious references. These objections are often rooted in concerns about conflicting worldviews or the portrayal of alternative value systems.
Age Appropriateness: Opponents have raised concerns about the age-appropriateness of “The Giver,” particularly for younger readers. They argue that the novel’s complex themes and darker elements may be too challenging or disturbing for certain age groups.
It’s worth noting that while “The Giver” has faced challenges and bans, it has also received critical acclaim and is widely celebrated for its thought-provoking exploration of important themes. Many educators and readers value the novel’s ability to spark discussions about societal structures, individuality, and the human experience.
The decision to include or ban “The Giver” ultimately lies with schools, libraries, and parents who weigh the book’s content against their own values and the educational goals of the community.
SUMMARIES OF THE GIVER
Chapter 1: Jonas, the protagonist, lives in a seemingly perfect community where everything is controlled and regulated. As he prepares for the Ceremony of Twelve, where he will receive his assigned role in society, he reflects on his apprehensions and dreams.
Chapter 2: Jonas and his age-mates attend the Ceremony of Twelve. Each child receives an assigned occupation, but Jonas is skipped over until the end. He is designated as the new Receiver of Memory, a position of great honor but also mystery.
Chapter 3: Jonas begins his training with the current Receiver, known as the Giver. He learns that the Giver is the sole holder of all memories of the past, including the pain and joy that no one else in the community experiences.
Chapter 4: Jonas starts to receive memories from the Giver. He discovers colors, experiences sledding, and feels pain for the first time. These memories awaken his curiosity and desire for more experiences beyond the sameness of his community.
Chapter 5: Jonas continues to receive memories from the Giver. He encounters music, experiences sunburn, and discovers the concept of love. As he learns more about the richness of human experience, he becomes increasingly dissatisfied with the limitations of his community.
Chapter 6: Jonas receives painful memories from the Giver, including war and death. He struggles with the burden of holding these memories and the knowledge that the community remains ignorant of the true nature of the world.
Chapter 7: Jonas and the Giver discuss the concept of release, which Jonas initially believes to be a benign action. However, as the Giver reveals the true nature of release, Jonas realizes it is a euphemism for euthanizing individuals who are deemed unfit or a burden to society.
Chapter 8: Jonas learns about the previous Receiver, Rosemary, who was unable to bear the weight of the memories and requested release. The Giver reveals that Rosemary was his daughter, leaving Jonas shocked and disturbed.
Chapter 9: Jonas becomes increasingly aware of the absence of choice and freedom in his community. He questions why the community has given up the richness of human experience in favor of sameness and control.
Chapter 10: Jonas shares his frustrations with his best friend, Asher. He confides in Asher about the memories he has received and his desire to change things. Asher struggles to understand Jonas’s perspective, but promises to support him.
Chapter 11: Jonas continues his training with the Giver, receiving more memories. He experiences the thrill of riding a sled and snow for the first time, along with other joyful and painful memories. The Giver explains the importance of his role in preserving memories and guiding Jonas’s understanding of the world.
Chapter 12: Jonas learns about the concept of sameness, the principle that underlies the community’s uniformity. He realizes that by eliminating choices and individuality, the community has also sacrificed essential aspects of human experience, such as love, joy, and individual expression.
Chapter 13: Jonas shares his newfound knowledge and insights with his friend, Fiona. He tries to convey the importance of emotions and personal choices, but Fiona struggles to comprehend the depth of his revelations.
Chapter 14: Jonas questions the Giver about the possibility of changing the community’s way of life. The Giver explains the risks and challenges of challenging the status quo and reveals that the community’s leaders, the Elders, rely on his guidance.
Chapter 15: Jonas receives painful and disturbing memories, including warfare and cruelty. The weight of these memories becomes increasingly difficult for him to bear, leading to moments of despair and questioning.
Chapter 16: Jonas learns about the concept of release and the true nature of his father’s job as a nurturer. He witnesses the release of an infant twin, which is revealed to be a lethal injection. Jonas realizes the callousness and lack of regard for life within his community.
Chapter 17: Jonas and the Giver devise a plan for Jonas to escape the community and release the stored memories back into society. They discuss the logistics of his escape and the potential impact it will have on the community.
Chapter 18: Jonas receives his first memory of Christmas and experiences the joy and warmth associated with the holiday season. He shares this memory with the Giver, and they discuss the significance of such joyful experiences in the face of the community’s uniformity.
Chapter 19: Jonas learns about the concept of Elsewhere, a place outside the community where people live freely and make their own choices. The Giver explains that Jonas must escape to Elsewhere to protect the memories and help the community regain its humanity.
Chapter 20: Jonas prepares for his escape, gathering supplies and making final arrangements. The Giver provides Jonas with his final memory, a scene of love and family. With a mix of fear and determination, Jonas sets off on his journey, taking Gabriel, a baby from the nurturing center, with him.
Chapter 21: Jonas embarks on his dangerous journey, escaping from the community with Gabriel, the baby he is determined to protect. They face treacherous weather, hunger, and exhaustion as they travel through the wilderness. Jonas relies on his memories and newfound resilience to keep them going.
Chapter 22: Jonas faces the challenges of the journey, including searching for food and shelter while trying to avoid detection. As they struggle to survive, Jonas becomes increasingly weakened, both physically and emotionally.
Chapter 23: Jonas and Gabriel reach the top of a snowy hill, where Jonas is filled with hope as he sees a glimpse of lights and hears music, indicating the presence of another community. With their lives in danger due to the extreme weather and Gabriel’s weakening condition, Jonas uses the memories of warmth and love to push forward.
The novel concludes with an ambiguous ending. Jonas and Gabriel continue their journey towards the lights, leaving readers uncertain about their fate. The ultimate outcome of their escape is left open-ended, inviting readers to interpret the ending and consider the possibilities for Jonas and Gabriel’s future.
These final chapters depict Jonas’s determination to protect Gabriel and find a place where they can live freely. The challenges they face on their journey test Jonas’s strength, resilience, and commitment to change. The ambiguous ending leaves room for interpretation and encourages readers to reflect on the significance of their journey and the potential for a new beginning outside the confines of the community.