Unbroken | Laura Hillenbrand | Cliff Note Books
“Unbroken” is a non-fiction book written by Laura Hillenbrand, published in 2010. The book tells the story of Louis Zamperini, an Olympic runner who served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.
Zamperini’s plane crashes in the Pacific Ocean during a reconnaissance mission, and he survives 47 days adrift on a raft in the ocean with two other crew members. After one crew member dies, Zamperini and the other survivor, Russell Allen Phillips, are captured by the Japanese Navy.
Zamperini then spends more than two years as a prisoner of war, enduring brutal conditions and inhumane treatment at the hands of his captors, particularly a man known as “The Bird.” Despite the physical and psychological torture, Zamperini remains unbroken, maintaining his will to survive.
After the end of the war, Zamperini struggles with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcoholism, but eventually finds redemption and peace through his faith. He goes on to forgive his former captors and even attempts to meet “The Bird” to offer forgiveness, though “The Bird” refuses.
The book is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the power of forgiveness. It was a bestseller and was later adapted into a film directed by Angelina Jolie.
QUOTES FROM UNBROKEN
“Dignity is as essential to human life as water, food, and oxygen. The stubborn retention of it, even in the face of extreme physical hardship, can hold a man’s soul in his body long past the point at which the body should have surrendered it.”
“Without dignity, identity is erased. In its absence, men are defined not by themselves, but by their captors and the circumstances in which they are forced to live.”
“The paradox of vengefulness is that it makes men dependent upon those who have harmed them, believing that their release from pain will come only when their tormentors suffer.”
“A lifetime of glory is worth a moment of pain.”
“A moment of pain is worth a lifetime of glory.”
“All he could do was put his faith in God. It seemed to him that cruelty was a part of nature, and that he would never escape it.”
“Louie found a sort of self-hypnosis, a secret place in his mind where he could shut out the horror that surrounded him. He retreated to it again and again, shutting his eyes and letting his mind drift.”
AUTHOR OF UNBROKEN
Laura Hillenbrand is an American author known for her bestselling nonfiction books. Born on May 15, 1967, in Fairfax, Virginia, Hillenbrand’s most notable works include “Seabiscuit: An American Legend” (2001) and “Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption” (2010), both of which were adapted into successful films. These books have sold over 13 million copies combined.
Hillenbrand’s writing career has been marked by her battle with chronic fatigue syndrome, which began during her college years and has left her largely homebound. Despite her illness, she has managed to produce deeply researched and compelling narratives. Her writing style is distinct, focusing more on the story itself rather than linguistic showmanship.
Her first book, “Seabiscuit: An American Legend,” is a nonfiction account of the career of the racehorse Seabiscuit. Her second book, “Unbroken,” is a biography of World War II hero Louis Zamperini.
In her personal life, Hillenbrand was married to Borden Flanagan, a professor of government at American University, from 2006 to 2015. As of 2015, she resides in Oregon, having made a significant trip out of Washington D.C. for the first time since 1990 due to her chronic illness. Despite her health challenges, Hillenbrand continues to write and contribute to the literary world.
CRITICISMS OF UNBROKEN
Writing Style and Structure: Laura Hillenbrand’s “Unbroken” is a meticulously researched account of Louis Zamperini’s life, particularly his experiences during World War II. Some readers, however, have found the book’s writing style to be monotonous and repetitive. They argue that the narrative often reads like a catalogue of events, with a focus on detailing the sequence of events rather than delving into Zamperini’s thoughts, feelings, and experiences. This approach, critics argue, can make the narrative feel somewhat detached and impersonal, reducing the emotional impact of Zamperini’s experiences. They suggest that a deeper exploration of Zamperini’s internal world – his fears, hopes, and reflections – could have added more depth to the narrative and made it more engaging.
Character Development: While Zamperini is the central figure in “Unbroken” and is well-developed as a character, some critics argue that the other characters in the book lack depth. They suggest that the other characters, including Zamperini’s fellow POWs and his Japanese captors, are often presented as one-dimensional figures. This lack of character development, critics argue, can make it difficult for readers to distinguish between the characters and to connect with them on an emotional level. They suggest that a more nuanced portrayal of these characters, showing their complexities and contradictions, could have made the narrative more compelling.
Accuracy and Detail: “Unbroken” is based on events that took place over 50 years before the book was written. Some readers have raised concerns about the level of detail in the book, questioning the accuracy of the memories and the possibility of embellishment over time. They argue that memories can be unreliable and that the passage of time can lead to the distortion or exaggeration of events. Critics suggest that a more critical approach to the sources, acknowledging the potential for bias and error, could have added to the credibility of the narrative.
Depiction of Events: Some readers have argued that certain events in “Unbroken” are sensationalized or exaggerated. They suggest that the book focuses more on creating a dramatic narrative than on providing a factual account of events. This approach, critics argue, can distort the reality of Zamperini’s experiences and reduce the complexity of historical events to simple narratives of heroism and villainy. They suggest that a more balanced approach, acknowledging the complexities and ambiguities of war, could have provided a more accurate and nuanced depiction of events.
Depiction of Redemption: Zamperini’s redemption and recovery, particularly his conversion to Christianity and overcoming of PTSD and alcoholism, is a central theme in “Unbroken”. However, some readers have found this portrayal to be too conveniently portrayed. They argue that the process of healing from traumatic experiences is complex and often non-linear, involving setbacks and struggles. Critics suggest that a more realistic portrayal of this process, acknowledging the difficulties and challenges involved, could have provided a more accurate depiction of the realities of recovery.
Portrayal of Japanese War Crimes: “Unbroken” brings attention to the war crimes committed by the Japanese during World War II, particularly the brutal treatment of POWs. While some readers appreciate this focus, others feel uncomfortable with the emphasis on these atrocities. They argue that the book could have provided a more balanced view of the historical context, acknowledging the complexities of the war and the suffering on all sides. Critics suggest that a more nuanced portrayal of the Japanese, acknowledging their humanity as well as their crimes, could have provided a more balanced and empathetic view of the war.
DISCUSSION POINT OF UNBROKEN
Resilience and Survival: Louis Zamperini’s story is a testament to human resilience. Despite facing extreme adversity, including a plane crash, 47 days adrift at sea, and years of brutal treatment as a POW, Zamperini never gave up. His physical strength, mental fortitude, and unyielding spirit were crucial to his survival. However, it’s important to consider that not everyone might have the same capacity for resilience. Some might argue that Zamperini’s background as an athlete and his strong support system, including his family and fellow POWs, played a significant role in his survival. Others might contend that his survival was due in part to luck or circumstance.
War and Its Impact: “Unbroken” provides a stark depiction of the physical and psychological impact of war. The brutal conditions in the POW camps, the constant threat of death, and the dehumanization of the prisoners illustrate the physical toll of war. Zamperini’s struggles with PTSD and alcoholism after the war highlight the psychological impact. However, some might argue that the book doesn’t fully explore the societal impact of the war or the long-term effects of PTSD. Others might feel that the book overly focuses on the atrocities committed by the Japanese, without providing a balanced view of the war.
Historical Context: The book contributes to our understanding of World War II, particularly the Pacific theater and the treatment of POWs by the Japanese. It provides a personal perspective on the war, bringing to life the experiences of those who lived through it. However, some might argue that the book lacks a broader historical context, focusing too much on Zamperini’s story. Others might feel that the book’s depiction of the Japanese is one-sided and lacks nuance.
Forgiveness and Redemption: Zamperini’s journey towards forgiveness and redemption is a central theme in “Unbroken”. His conversion to Christianity plays a significant role in this process, leading him to forgive his former captors and overcome his struggles with PTSD and alcoholism. This transformation is portrayed as a turning point in his life, leading to his work helping troubled youth and spreading his message of forgiveness and resilience. However, some might argue that this portrayal oversimplifies the complex process of healing from trauma. Others might question whether such a complete transformation is realistic or whether it downplays the ongoing struggle that many veterans face when dealing with PTSD.
Character Development: The book develops Zamperini’s character in depth, showing his transformation from a mischievous boy to an Olympic runner, a resilient POW, and finally a man of faith. His main tormentor, Watanabe, is also a significant figure in the book. Their interactions reveal Zamperini’s resilience and Watanabe’s sadism. However, some critics argue that the other characters in the book lack depth, making it difficult for readers to connect with them. Others might feel that Watanabe’s character is one-dimensional and lacks complexity.
Author’s Writing Style: Laura Hillenbrand’s writing style is detailed and descriptive, bringing to life the events of Zamperini’s life. Her meticulous research is evident in the narrative, adding to the book’s authenticity. However, some readers find her writing style to be monotonous and repetitive. Others might feel that the narrative lacks emotional depth, focusing more on the sequence of events rather than exploring Zamperini’s internal world.
Accuracy and Representation: The book is based on extensive research and interviews, lending credibility to the events described. However, some readers question the accuracy of the memories, given the passage of time. They suggest that the narrative might be influenced by bias or the potential for embellishment over time. Others might feel that the book provides a one-sided view of the war, focusing on the atrocities committed by the Japanese without acknowledging the complexities of the historical context.
Themes: The main themes in the book include resilience, survival, forgiveness, redemption, faith, and the impact of war. These themes are explored through Zamperini’s experiences and his transformation. However, some readers might feel that certain themes, such as the impact of war on societies or the long-term effects of PTSD, are not fully explored. Others might argue that the theme of forgiveness is overly emphasized, overshadowing other aspects of Zamperini’s experiences.
Adaptation: The movie adaptation of “Unbroken” brings Zamperini’s story to a wider audience. It highlights certain aspects of the story, such as Zamperini’s resilience and the brutal conditions in the POW camps. However, some viewers might feel that the movie downplays other aspects, such as Zamperini’s struggles after the war or his journey towards forgiveness and redemption. Others might argue that the movie simplifies the complexities of the historical context.
Legacy: Zamperini’s story is a testament to human endurance and the capacity to overcome adversity. It inspires readers with its message of resilience, forgiveness, and redemption. However, some might argue that the book’s focus on Zamperini’s extraordinary experiences overshadows the experiences of other veterans. Others might feel that the book’s portrayal of Zamperini as a hero simplifies the realities of war and its aftermath.
SUMMARIES OF UNBROKEN
Part One of “Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption” focuses on Louis Zamperini’s early life and his unexpected development into an Olympic runner.
Louis, known as “Louie,” is portrayed as a mischievous boy growing up in Torrance, California. He often gets into trouble, but his energy and spirit are eventually channeled into running, thanks to the guidance of his older brother, Pete. Louie shows a natural talent for the sport and his speed earns him a place on the track team in high school, where he sets records and gains attention.
His running prowess eventually leads him to the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Although he doesn’t win a medal, he performs remarkably well for his age and experience, even catching the attention of Adolf Hitler. This part of the book ends with Louie’s first experience of the impending war in Europe.
This section of the book sets the stage for the trials to come, showing how Louie’s background, personality, and physical abilities prepared him for the challenges he would face during the war and after. It highlights his toughness, determination, and resilience, traits that would be crucial to his survival in the years ahead.
Part Two of “Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption” shifts focus to Louis Zamperini’s experiences during World War II.
With the onset of the war, Louie’s running career is put on hold and he enlists in the Army Air Corps. He becomes a bombardier and is stationed in the Pacific theater. The dangers of his role are highlighted through various missions and the constant threat of mechanical failures and enemy attacks.
The climax of this section comes when Louie’s plane, the Super Man, is severely damaged in a bombing run. Despite the damage, the crew manages to fly the plane back to base, demonstrating their skill and bravery.
Later, Louie and his crew are assigned to a rescue mission on a different plane, the Green Hornet, which is known to have mechanical issues. During the mission, the plane malfunctions and crashes into the Pacific Ocean.
Only three of the crew members survive the crash: Louie, pilot Russell Allen “Phil” Phillips, and tail gunner Francis “Mac” McNamara. They find themselves stranded on a life raft, with little food and water, surrounded by open sea. This part ends with the men facing the harsh reality of their situation, setting the stage for the harrowing ordeal to come.
Part Three of “Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption” chronicles Louis Zamperini’s harrowing ordeal of survival at sea and his eventual capture by the Japanese.
After their plane crashes into the Pacific Ocean, Louie, Phil, and Mac are stranded on a life raft with limited supplies. They face numerous challenges, including starvation, dehydration, shark attacks, and strafing by Japanese planes. Mac succumbs to the harsh conditions and dies, leaving Louie and Phil to continue the struggle for survival.
After an incredible 47 days adrift at sea, they are finally spotted, but not by rescuers. They are captured by the Japanese Navy. The men are initially relieved to be rescued, but they quickly realize that their ordeal is far from over.
They are taken to a POW camp, where they are subjected to brutal treatment. The conditions in the camp are horrific, with inadequate food, harsh labor, and frequent beatings. Despite the harsh conditions, Louie remains defiant and maintains his will to survive.
This part of the book highlights the extreme physical and mental endurance required to survive such an ordeal. It also sets the stage for the further trials that Louie will face as a prisoner of war.
Part Four of “Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption” delves into Louis Zamperini’s experiences as a prisoner of war (POW) in various Japanese camps.
After being captured, Louie and Phil are transported to a series of POW camps, each with its own set of brutal conditions and cruel guards. They are subjected to physical and psychological torture, including forced labor, malnutrition, and beatings.
A significant figure in this part of the book is Mutsuhiro Watanabe, known as “The Bird” among the prisoners. Watanabe is a sadistic guard who takes a particular interest in breaking Louie’s spirit. He subjects Louie to severe physical and mental abuse, aiming to destroy his dignity and resilience.
Despite the relentless brutality, Louie manages to maintain his spirit and even participates in acts of defiance and resistance, such as stealing extra food for his fellow prisoners. His athletic background and mental fortitude help him endure the harsh conditions and maintain hope.
This part of the book provides a stark portrayal of the inhumane conditions in the Japanese POW camps during World War II. It also underscores Louie’s remarkable resilience and his unbroken spirit in the face of extreme adversity.
Part Five of “Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption” covers the end of World War II, Louis Zamperini’s return home, and his struggle to adjust to civilian life.
When the war ends, the POWs are liberated, and Louie returns home to a hero’s welcome. However, despite the joyous reunion with his family, Louie struggles to adjust to post-war life. He is haunted by his experiences as a POW, particularly his encounters with “The Bird,” and suffers from nightmares and flashbacks, signs of what we now recognize as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Louie marries Cynthia Applewhite, but his unresolved trauma affects their marriage. He becomes dependent on alcohol and is consumed by a desire for revenge against “The Bird.” His life starts spiraling out of control.
The turning point comes when Cynthia persuades Louie to attend a revival meeting led by a young Billy Graham. There, Louie experiences a spiritual awakening. He becomes a Christian and forgives his former captors, including “The Bird.” This act of forgiveness is a crucial step in his healing process.
Louie dedicates the rest of his life to helping troubled youth, sharing his story, and spreading his message of forgiveness and resilience. He even tries to meet “The Bird” to personally offer his forgiveness, but “The Bird” refuses.
This final part of the book is a testament to the power of forgiveness and redemption. It shows how Louie was able to transform his traumatic experiences into a force for good, underscoring the book’s theme of resilience and the strength of the human spirit.